Speaking to the Drum, Chinnappa pushed back on the claims that Facebook and Google form an online advertising duopoly: he argued that Google’s role in the ecosystem is often misunderstood, and that the company should be seen as a supplier in the display ad market.

Discussing the growing tendency of publishers to form collaborative ad networks, Chinnappa mentioned the DNI funded Project Arete, a joint ad network by several publishers. He urged publishers to search areas where collaboration makes sense, including ad trading platforms.

Chinnappa also addressed the recent revelations regarding fake news and extremist content on YouTube, saying that user generated content always presents a verification problem, but “smart technology” will help address the issue. He did not, however, discuss claims that fake news suppliers have used Google’s platforms to monetise their content.